RESUMO
Resumo Introdução e Objetivo: Os canais mandibulares são estruturas anatômicas que se estendem desde o forame mandibular até o forame mentoniano e em seu interior localizam-se o nervo, artéria e veia alveolar inferior. Verificar a topografia anatômica de terceiros molares em relação aos seus respectivos canais mandibulares através de Tomografias Computadorizadas de um banco de dados. Materiais e métodos: Exames de 48 pacientes com terceiros molares bilaterais foram obtidos por um aparelho de Tomografia Computadorizada Helicoidal Multislice, General Eletric® do banco de dados de uma clínica privada de Teresina-PI e analisados. Resultados: Para os terceiros molares inclusos, a distância nula em relação ao canal mandibular foi a mais prevalente (59,68%), enquanto que a posição das raízes apresentou-se na maioria dos casos superior (53,13%) e vestibular (45,3%) em relação ao canal mandibular. Este se encontrava geralmente próximo à cortical lingual (79,17%). Conclusão: Houve maior prevalência de distância nula dos ápices radiculares ao canal quando os terceiros molares encontravam-se inclusos (maioria mesioangulados) e, superior ao canal quando estavam erupcionados. No sentido vertical, os ápices radiculares encontravam-se mais frequentemente na posição superior ao canal. Já no aspecto horizontal, os ápices radiculares estavam mais vestibulares ao canal mandibular. E este se encontrava frequentemente próximo à cortical lingual.
Abstract Introduction and objective: The mandibular canals are anatomical structures that extend from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen, and the interior of the mandibular canal is located the nerve, artery and inferior alveolar vein. To verify the anatomical topography of third molars in relation to their respective mandibular channels through Computerized Tomography of a database. Materials and methods: 48 patients with bilateral third molars were obtained by a Helicoidal Multislice Computed Tomography, General Eletric® from the database of a private clinic in Teresina-PI and analyzed. Results: For the third molars included, the null distance in relation to the mandibular canal was the most prevalent (59.68%), while the position of the roots presented in most cases superior (53.13%) and vestibular (45.3%) in relation to the mandibular canal. This was generally close to the lingual cortical (79.17%). Conclusion: There was a higher prevalence of null distance from the root apexes to the canal when third molars were included (most mesioangulated) and superior to the canal when they were erupted. In the vertical direction, the root apexes were more often in the position superior to the canal. In the horizontal aspect, the root apices were more vestibular to the mandibular canal. And this was often close to the lingual cortical.
Resumen Introducción y Objetivo: Los canales mandibulares son estructuras anatómicas que se extienden desde el foramen mandibular hasta el foramen mentoniano y en su interior se encuentra el nervio, arteria y vena alveolar inferior. Verificar la topografía anatómica de terceros molares con relación a sus respectivos canales mandibulares por medio de Tomografías Computadorizadas de un banco de datos. Materiales y métodos: Exámenes de 48 pacientes con terceros molares biltaerales fueron obtenidos y analizados por un tomógrafo Helicoidal Multislice, General Electric® del banco de datos una clínica particular de Teresina-PI. Resultados: Para los terceros molares incluidos, la distancia nula con relación al canal mandibular fue la más prevalente (59,68&), mientras que la posición de las raíces se presentó en la mayoría de los casos superior (53,13%) y vestibular (45,3%) con relación al canal mandibular. Este se encontraba generalmente próximo a la cortical lingual (79,17%). Conclusión: Hubo mayor prevalencia de distancia nula de los ápices radiculares al canal cuando los terceros molares estaban incluidos (mayoría mesioangulados) y superior al canal cuando estaban erupcionados. En el sentido vertical, los ápices radiculares se encontraron frecuentemente superior al canal. En el sentido horizontal, los ápices radiculares estaban más vestibulares al canal mandibular. Este se encontraba próximo a la cortical lingual.
RESUMO
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or Bechterew disease is a chronic, usually progressive, systemic inflammatory joint disease, which predominantly affects the spine and sacroiliac joints. In these joints, early inflammatory changes are followed by lumbosacral pain and progressive restriction of spinal movement associated with radiologically visible intervertebral ossification. Peripheral joint involvement occurs in 10 to 30% of patients and shows a predilection for the shoulders, knees, ankles, feet, and wrists. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement has been described, and its reported frequency varies from 11 to 35%. However, ankylosis is uncommon with a single documented case utilizing an alloplastic prosthesis for total joint replacement. A case report of bilateral ankylosis of the jaw treated with alloplastic prostheses for total TMJ replacement using a Brazilian system in a patient with AS is presented.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the relationship of the lingual nerve with the adjacent anatomical structures of the mandibular third molar region, influencing the dentist to be aware of the variability of these relationships. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Samples of 24 human corpse half-heads were selected and divided according with the presence or absence of the mandibular third molars. The lingual nerve (LN) was explored, showing its run from the oblique line until its crossing with the submandibular gland duct. The measurements along the LN and the adjacent anatomical structures were taken at the retromolar, molar and sublingual region with the use of a digital caliper. RESULTS: The distance from the LN and the third molar socket, which represents the horizontal distance of the lingual plate to the nerve, on average, was 4.4 mm (SD 2.4 mm). The distance from the LN and the lingual alveolar rim, which represents the vertical relationship between the nerve and the lingual alveolar rim of the third molar socket, on average, was 16.8 mm (SD 5.7 mm). The LN has a varied topography that leaves it very vulnerable during any procedure executed in this region. CONCLUSIONS: Unless adequate protection of the lingual nerve is acquired by following an adequate surgical technique, the lingual nerve will always be vulnerable to damage during surgical intervention or manipulation in this region.
